Herpes simplex
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Herpes simplex na perách.
Herpes simplex ― Infekcia herpes simplex na prstoch je bežnejšia u malých detí ako u dospelých.
References
Infekcia HSV-1 postupuje primárnou infekciou epitelových buniek, po ktorej nasleduje latencia, hlavne v neurónoch, a reaktivácia. HSV-1 bežne spôsobuje počiatočné a opakujúce sa vezikulárne erupcie, najmä v ústach a na sliznici pohlavných orgánov. Jeho prejavy siahajú od orolabiálneho herpesu po rôzne stavy, ako je herpetická folikulitída, kožné infekcie, očné postihnutie a závažné prípady, ako je herpetická encefalitída. Antivírusová terapia pomáha zvládnuť infekciu HSV.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) je rozšírená infekcia, ktorá postihuje približne 22 % dospelých vo veku 12 a viac rokov, celkovo 45 miliónov dospelých v Spojených štátoch. Zatiaľ čo HSV-1 zvyčajne spôsobuje orálne vredy, môže tiež viesť k genitálnym léziám. Ak však majú pacienti genitálne lézie, HSV-2 je zvyčajne hlavným problémom. Príznaky prepuknutia HSV-2 sú často nejasné, ako je svrbenie a podráždenie genitálií, čo môže oddialiť diagnostiku a liečbu. Toto oneskorenie môže viesť k ďalšiemu prenosu na neinfikovaných jedincov.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) bežne spôsobuje infekcie ako genitálny herpes a opary u dospievajúcich a dospelých. Keď HSV infikuje dojča počas prvých 4-6 týždňov života, môže to mať za následok vážne ochorenie s vážnymi následkami. Rýchla diagnostika novorodeneckej infekcie HSV je rozhodujúca na zastavenie zhoršovania choroby a predchádzanie neurologickým problémom (dokonca aj smrti) .
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex infekcia je veľmi častá a môže sa preniesť z tehotných žien na ich deti. Tento vírus môže u novorodencov spôsobiť vážne zdravotné problémy alebo dokonca smrť. Aj keď je to zriedkavé počas samotného tehotenstva, často sa to stáva počas pôrodu. Riziko je najvyššie, ak sa matka nakazí v neskoršom štádiu tehotenstva. Toto riziko však možno znížiť užívaním antivírusových liekov alebo voľbou cisárskeho rezu v určitých situáciách.
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) typy 1 a 2 infikujú mnoho ľudí na celom svete. Vírus zvyčajne zostáva po infikovaní kože pokojne v nervových bunkách, no neskôr sa môže reaktivovať a spôsobiť opary. Niekedy to vedie k vážnym problémom, ako sú očné infekcie, zápal mozgu alebo nebezpečné stavy u novorodencov a ľudí so slabým imunitným systémom. Zatiaľ čo súčasné lieky pomáhajú kontrolovať infekcie, riziko liekovej rezistencie a vedľajších účinkov zostáva problémom. Potrebujeme nové lieky, aby sme vírus lepšie zacielili.
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
Existujú dva typy vírusu herpes simplex , typ 1 (HSV-1) a typ 2 (HSV-2). HSV-1 častejšie spôsobuje infekcie okolo úst, zatiaľ čo HSV-2 častejšie spôsobuje infekcie pohlavných orgánov. Prenášajú sa priamym kontaktom s infikovaným jedincom. Genitálny herpes je klasifikovaný ako pohlavne prenosná infekcia. Môže sa preniesť na dieťa počas pôrodu. Po infekcii sú vírusy transportované pozdĺž senzorických nervov do tiel nervových buniek, kde sa zdržiavajú po celý život. Príčiny recidívy môžu zahŕňať: zníženú imunitnú funkciu, stres a vystavenie slnečnému žiareniu.
Vo väčšine prípadov sa antivírusové lieky užívajú iba vtedy, keď sú príznaky závažné. Denné antivírusové lieky môžu byť predpísané niekomu, kto má veľmi časté infekcie. Neexistuje žiadna dostupná vakcína a vakcína proti pásovému oparu nezabráni herpes simplex. Liečba antivírusovými liekmi, ako je aciklovir alebo valaciklovir, môže znížiť závažnosť symptómov.
Celosvetové miery HSV-1 alebo HSV-2 sú medzi 60 % a 95 % u dospelých. HSV-1 je zvyčajne infikovaný v detstve. Odhaduje sa, že 536 miliónov ľudí na celom svete (16 % populácie) bolo infikovaných HSV-2 v roku 2003 s vyšším výskytom medzi ženami a ľuďmi v rozvojovom svete. Väčšina ľudí s HSV-2 si neuvedomuje, že sú infikovaní.
○ Liečba - Voľne predajné lieky
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